Those readers interested in Madison's ideas should sample Drew R. McCoy, The Elusive Republic: Political Economy in Jeffersonian America (Chapel Hill, N.C., 1980), and Lance Banning, The Sacred Fire of Liberty: James Madison and the Creation of the Federal Republic, 1780-l792 (Ithaca, N.Y., 1995).

For a critique of Madisonian liberalism, see Richard K. Matthews, If Men Were Angels: James Madison and the Heartless Empire of Reason (Lawrence, Kans., 1995).